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Karmalkar, N. R.
- Podiform Chrolnites in Mantle Peridotites from Indus Ophiolite Belt, Ladakh Himalaya
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1 Department of Geology, Goa University, Bambolim, Goa 403 202, IN
2 Department of Geology, University of Poona, Pune 411 007, IN
3 C.N.R.S., University of Science and Technology, 34060 Montpellier, FR
1 Department of Geology, Goa University, Bambolim, Goa 403 202, IN
2 Department of Geology, University of Poona, Pune 411 007, IN
3 C.N.R.S., University of Science and Technology, 34060 Montpellier, FR
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 39, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 29-38Abstract
Peridotites in ophiolites from Ladakh Himalaya occur as disconnected slices within an ophiolite melange exhibiting faulted, sheared and tectonic contacts. Chromite occurs as pods, schlieren banded as accessory ore within dunites. The pods are generally concordant to semiconcordant to the foliation of the host dunites. In places, however, they are discordant to the foliation. The chrome spinels (sensu lato) exhibit bimodal distribution. Those in harzburgite conform to Type I alpine type peridotites. Whereas the ones from dunite are akin to Type III peridotites as classified by Dick and Bullen (1984). The spinels from wehrlites are compositionally similar to those from ophiolite cumulates.Keywords
Chromite, Indus Ophiolite Belt, Ladakh Himalaya.
- Seismicity Impact in Patan Taluka, District Satara, Maharashtra
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1 Department of Geology, University of Poona, Pune - 411 007, IN
1 Department of Geology, University of Poona, Pune - 411 007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 46, No 3 (1995), Pagination: 275-285Abstract
The continued seismicity in the Koyna region has had the maximum impact in the Patan Taluka of the Satara District in Maharashtra within 30 km radius from the epicentral region of earthquakes. The Government of Maharashtra has undertaken rehabilitation of the villages which have suffered the damage and are threatened also by the collapsing edges of the overhanging lateritic cliffs. On the M.M. intensity scale the damages suffered by the settlements and lateritic plateau would indicate an intensity between VII and VIII. A high acceleration, maximum of 0.1 g (100 cm/sec2), is inferred for the soil profiles and alluvial tracts, loose gravel colluvium, river terraces material and weathered basalts on which the settlements are located. The continued seismicity around Koyna reservoir is often referred to as "reservoir induced", but such a mechanism is considered valid only for earthquakes originating from very shallow depths. For earthquakes whose hypocenters lie far below in the basement rocks (depth >3 km), the magnitude frequency relationship (26 years period) is similar to that observed in any tectonically active regions. It seems that the seismicity is related more to the reactivation of basement faults, reflected also in the overall geomorphological features of the region.Keywords
Geomorphology, Seismicity, Satara District, Maharashtra.- Morphology of the Volcanic Ash from the Kukadi River Section, Pune District, Maharashtra
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune-411 007, IN
2 Deccan College, Pune-411 006, IN
1 Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune-411 007, IN
2 Deccan College, Pune-411 006, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 51, No 2 (1998), Pagination: 213-218Abstract
An ash bed varying in thickness from 20 cm to 2 m occurs within the lower part of 10 m thick yellowish-brown clay and calcareous silt unit that contains occasional lenses of calcrete, gravels and channel lag gravels both at the base and top of the sequence. The volcanic ash has yielded a K/Ar age of 1.4 Ma. The volcanic ash is highly siliceous in composition with SiO2 content varying between 72 to 78%. It is dominantly constituted of silt sized angular glass shards, and pumice fragments with sharp edges. Petrography, SEM and chemical composition of the glass shards helps in relating the ash morphology to magma composition and the type of eruption. On the basis of petrographic and morphological characters displayed by the volcanic ash, the formation of the glass shards is attributed to magmatic processes.Keywords
Petrology, Pleistocene, Tephra, Maharashtra.- Mantle-Derived Mafic-Ultramafic Xenoliths and the Nature of Indian Sub-Continental Lithosphere
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune - 411 007, IN
2 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
3 Department of Geology, Presidency College, Kolkata - 700 073, IN
1 Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune - 411 007, IN
2 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
3 Department of Geology, Presidency College, Kolkata - 700 073, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 73, No 5 (2009), Pagination: 657-679Abstract
Mantle derived xenoliths in India are known to occur in the Proterozoic ultrapotassic rocks like kimberlites from Dharwar and Bastar craton and Mesozoic alkali igneous rocks like lamrophyres, nephelinites and basanites. The xenoliths in kimberlites are represented by garnet harzburgites, lherzolites, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenites and kyaniteeclogite varieties. The PT conditions estimated for xenoliths from the Dharwar craton suggest that the lithosphere was at least 185 km thick during the Mid-Proterozoic period. The ultrabasic and eclogite xenoliths have been derived from depths of 100-180 km and 75-150 km respectively. The Kalyandurg and Brahmanpalle clusters have sampled the typical Archaean subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) with a low geotherm (35 mW/m2) and harzburgitic to lherzolitic rocks with median Xmgolivine > 0.93. The base of the depleted lithosphere at 185-195 km depth is marked by a 10-15 km layer of strongly metasomatised peridotites (Xmgolivine > ∼0.88). The Anampalle and Wajrakarur clusters 60 km to the NW show a distinctly different SCLM; it has a higher geotherm (37.5 to 40 mW/m2) and contains few subcalcic harzburgites, and has a median Xmgolivine = 0.925. In contrast, the kimberlites of the Uravakonda and WK-7 clusters sampled quite fertile (median Xmgolivine ∼0.915) SCLM with an elevated geotherm (>40 mW/m2).The lamrophyres, basanites and melanephelinites associated with the Deccan Volcanic Province entrain both ultramafic and mafic xenoliths. The ultramafic group is represented by (i) spinel lherzolites, harzburgites, and (ii) pyroxenites. Single pyroxene granulite and two pyroxene granulites constitutes the mafic group. Temperature estimates for the West Coast xenoliths indicate equilibration temperatures of 500-900°C while the pressure estimates vary between 6-11 kbar corresponding to depths of 20-35 km. This elevated geotherm implies that the region is characterized by abnormally high heat flow, which is also supported by the presence of linear array of hot springs along the West Coast. Spinel peridotite xenoliths entrained in the basanites and melanephelinites from the Kutch show low equilibrium temperatures (884-972°C). The estimated pressures obtained on the basis of the absence of both plagioclase and garnet in the xenoliths and by referring the temperatures to the West Coast geotherm is ∼15 kbar (40-45 km depth). The minimum heat flow of 60 to 70 mW/m2 has been computed for the Kutch xenolith (Bhujia hill), which is closely comparable to the oceanic geotherm. Xenolith studies from the West Coast and Kutch indicate that the SCLM beneath is strongly metasomatised although the style of metasomatism is different from that below the Dharwar Craton.
Keywords
Mantle Xenoliths, Kimberlites, Alkali Magmatism, Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle, Deccan Volcanic Province, Dharwar Craton.References
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